The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa
OUTPUT TYPE: Journal Article
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2021
TITLE AUTHOR(S): K.L.Hopkins, K.E.Hlongwane, K.Otwombe, J.Dietrich, M.Cheyip, J.Olivier, H.Van Rooyen, T.Doherty, G.E.Gray
KEYWORDS: ADULTS, HIV TESTING AND COUNSELLING (HTC), HIV/AIDS, NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, SOWETO
DEPARTMENT: Impact Centre (IC), Impact Centre (PRESS), Impact Centre (CC)
Print: HSRC Library: shelf number 12100
HANDLE: 20.500.11910/16387
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/16387
If you would like to obtain a copy of this Research Output, please contact Hanlie Baudin at researchoutputs@hsrc.ac.za.
Abstract
Background: South Africa is disproportionately impacted by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and HIV/AIDS. We investigated the prevalence of known/unknown NCD risk factors, HIV, and NCD risk factor-HIV comorbidity; and treatment status on known diseases to determine the prevalence of controlled/uncontrolled disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study (June 2018-March 2019) within an integrated testing centre in Soweto, South Africa, screened adults (aged 18 years) for body mass index (BMI), hypertension (HT), rapid glucose and cholesterol, and HIV. Results were stratified by age group, sex, HIV-status, and self-reported ART use. Analysis included Fisher's exact, chi-squared, Kruskal Wallis, and Student's T-tests. Findings: Of 780 enrolled participants, 19.2% were HIV-positive, 37.5% were overweight/obese, 18.0% hypertensive, 10.8% hyperglycaemic, and 8.1% had hypercholesterolaemia. Significantly more women had overweight/obese BMI than men (46.8% vs 19.7%; p<0.0001), and women aged 25-34 years had significantly more hypercholesterolaemia than same-aged men (18.2% vs 5.6%; p = 0.02). HIV-positive participants had significantly more hyperglycaemia than HIV-negative participants (16.1% vs 9.6%; p = 0.02), and those on ART (63.9%) had significantly more hypercholesterolaemia than those not on ART (21.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.002). Of participants with HT, hyperglycaemia, and hypercholesterolaemia; 72.4%, 96.1%, and 93.3% were newly diagnosed. All participants with previously diagnosed NCDs remained with uncontrolled disease. Interpretation: There is a high burden of HIV, NCD risk factors, and comorbidity in Soweto, and amongst young adults (18-34 years), especially women. Lowering age requirements for glucose/cholesterol screening to 18+ years, regardless of BMI, HIV-status, or ART use, may yield timely NCD diagnosis/management.-
Related Research Outputs:
- Trends and determinants of ever having tested for HIV among youth and adults in South Africa from 2005-2017: results from four repeated cross-sectional nationally representative household-based HIV prevalence, incidence, and behaviour surveys
- HIV-related stigma, social norms, and HIV testing in Soweto and Vulindlela, South Africa: National Institutes of Mental Health Project Accept (HPTN 043)
- Common risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among older adults in China, Ghana, Mexico, India, Russia and South Africa: the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1
- Determination of HIV status in African adults with discordant HIV rapid tests
- Results of a couples-based randomized controlled trial aimed to increase testing for HIV
- Zwakala Ndoda: a cluster and individually randomized trial aimed at improving testing, linkage, and adherence to treatment for hard-to reach men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Prevalence of self-reported HIV testing and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: results from a 2017 nationally representative population-based HIV survey
- Trends, prevalence and factors associated with hypertension and diabetes among South African adults living with HIV, 2005-2017
- The psychosocial determinants of the intention to test for HIV among young men in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
- Geographical variation in HIV testing in South Africa: evidence from the 2017 national household HIV survey
- Baseline survey of adult literacy programmes in presidential nodal areas
- Book review: Schadeberg, J. (2002) Soweto today. Menlo Park, South Africa: Protea Book House. 102 p. ISBN 191982572X
- Doing something: the initiation of sexual abuse services in Soweto
- Abstract: Determinants of the use of voluntary counselling and testing services among the sexually active adult population of South Africa
- A review of dietary surveys in the adult South African population from 2000-2015
- Book review: Brink, E., Malungane, G., Lebelo, S., Ntshangase, D. & Krige, S. (2001) Soweto 16 June 1976: it all started with a dog. Cape Town: Kwela Books. 208 p. ISBN 0795701322
- A network analysis of formal and informal knowledge in adult pedagogy
- A disciplinary-specific approach to the recognition of prior informal experience in adult pedagogy: "rpl" as opposed to "RPL"
- Young adults, the target of below-the-line advertising
- 'In my case...': the recruitment and recognition of prior informal experience in adult pedagogy