Child development 1: inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development
SOURCE: The Lancet
OUTPUT TYPE: Journal Article
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2011
TITLE AUTHOR(S): S.P.Walker, T.D.Wachs, S.Grantham-McGregor, M.M.Black, C.A.Nelson, S.L.Huffman, H.Baker-Henningham, S.M.Chang, J.D.Hamadani, B.Lozoff, J.M.M.Gardner, C.A.Powell, A.Rahman, L.Richter
KEYWORDS: EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD), INEQUALITY
DEPARTMENT: Public Health, Societies and Belonging (HSC)
Print: HSRC Library: shelf number 6981
HANDLE: 20.500.11910/3639
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/3639
OUTPUT TYPE: Journal Article
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2011
TITLE AUTHOR(S): S.P.Walker, T.D.Wachs, S.Grantham-McGregor, M.M.Black, C.A.Nelson, S.L.Huffman, H.Baker-Henningham, S.M.Chang, J.D.Hamadani, B.Lozoff, J.M.M.Gardner, C.A.Powell, A.Rahman, L.Richter
KEYWORDS: EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD), INEQUALITY
DEPARTMENT: Public Health, Societies and Belonging (HSC)
Print: HSRC Library: shelf number 6981
HANDLE: 20.500.11910/3639
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/3639
If you would like to obtain a copy of this Research Output, please contact Hanlie Baudin at researchoutputs@hsrc.ac.za.
Abstract
Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency anaemia as key risks that prevent millions of young children from attaining their developmental potential. Recent research emphasises the importance of these risks, strengthens the evidence for other risk factors including intrauterine growth restriction, malaria, lead exposure, HIV infection, maternal depression, institutionalisation, and exposure to societal violence, and identifies protective factors such as breastfeeding and maternal education. Evidence on risks resulting from prenatal maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and families affected with HIV is emerging. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce children's risk exposure and to promote development in affected children. Our goal is to provide information to help the setting of priorities for early child development programmes and policies to benefit the world's poorest children and reduce persistent inequalities.-
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